Newcastle upon Tyne

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Newcastle upon Tyne (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city in Tyne and Wear, England, historically part of the English county of Northumberland. Situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, the city owes its name to the Norman castle built in 1080, by Robert II of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The area around Newcastle was historically a Roman settlement. The medieval Latin name is Novum Castrum super Tynumm, a literal translation. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These basic industries have now gone and the city is largely an administrative and cultural centre with two universities - Newcastle and Northumbria.

The city is the twentieth most populous in England; the larger Tyneside conurbation, of which Newcastle forms part, is the sixth most populous conurbation in the United Kingdom. Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and (with Gateshead) the Eurocities network of European cities.

People from Newcastle and surrounding areas are commonly called Geordies. The Latin term Novocastrian can be applied to residents of any place called Newcastle. Wikipedia.

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